Questionnaire on In-Vehicle Monitoring Systems Implementation
Ken Scott, PhD, MPH
NIOSH Oil and Gas Extraction Safety and Health Program
In-vehicle monitoring systems (IVMS), are computer systems that record data about a vehicle’s operation that are then used by insurers, parents, employers, or others to influence driver behaviors. In-vehicle monitoring systems (IVMS) are increasingly being implemented by companies in the oil and gas extraction industry to understand the use of their vehicles and the behaviors of their drivers. IVMS may be described using other terms, such as telematics, on-board monitoring systems, driving improvement monitoring systems, in-vehicle data recorders, fleet management apps, or driver risk management systems.
This questionnaire was designed for oil and gas industry professionals who use IVMS in their daily work. The questions pertain exclusively to US fleets and direct-hire employees unless the question specifically asks about contractors. Business relationships in oil and gas can be complex. Here are definitions for some of the terms we use:
Establishment: a single physical location where one predominant business activity occurs.
Firm: an establishment or a combination of establishments defined by its unique Employer Identification Number (EIN) issued by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). Firms operate in one industry or in multiple industries.
Enterprise: a firm or a combination of firms that engages in economic activities which are classified into multiple industries. An enterprise may report under one or a number of EINs.
Please respond to the best of your abilities.
What type of firm do you work for?
__ Oil and gas operator (NAICS 211)
__ Oil and gas drilling company (NAICS 213111)
__ Oil and gas servicing company (NAICS 213112)
__ Other type of company: _____________________
__ Unsure
__ Prefer not to say
What is your role in fleet safety management?
__ Fleet safety manager or equivalent
__ HSE professional
__ Other (please specify): ____________________
__ Unsure
__ Prefer not to say
Considering all of its U.S. employees, how big is the firm you work for?
__ Less than 20 employees
__ 20-49 employees
__ 50-99 employees
__ 100-499 employees
__ 500 employees or greater
__ Unsure
__ Prefer not to say
What is the scope of your responsibilities for monitoring and managing fleet safety?
A specific location, such as an establishment, with a single address
A group of locations, such as a region or a given business activity
All locations for your company
Unsure
__ Prefer not to say
In which basin(s) do you primarily focus? Select all that apply.
__ Anadarko
__ Appalachian
__ Ardmore
__ Cherokee Platform
__ Denver
__ Fort Worth
__ Permian
__ Powder River
__ San Joaquin
__ TX-LA-MS Salt
__ Uinta-Piceance
__ Western Gulf
__ Williston
__ Other (please specify): __________
__ Unsure
__ Prefer not to say
Approximately how many employees in your scope are currently approved to drive a fleet vehicle? ________
Approximately how many employees in your scope currently have regular access to a fleet vehicle (i.e., every workday or almost every workday)? _________
Approximately what percentage of drivers in your scope have a commercial driver’s license? ________%
Approximately how many fleet vehicles do you have in your scope?
Light (up to 10,000 lbs.) _________
Medium (10,001 to 26,000 lbs.) _________
Heavy (over 26,000 lbs.) _________
Approximately what percent of the vehicles in your scope are equipped with IVMS?
Light (up to 10,000 lbs.) _________ %
Medium (10,001 to 26,000 lbs.) _________ %
Heavy (over 26,000 lbs.) _________ %
What are the top three reasons for implementing IVMS in your fleet?
__ To reduce our rates of collisions (and injuries / fatalities associated with collisions)
__ To reduce workers compensation injury costs associated with collisions
__ To reduce vehicle damage and/or auto liability costs associated with collisions
__ To reduce costs and liability exposure associated with operating our fleet
__ To improve fuel efficiency / “green” / “eco” / “climate-friendly” driving
__ To reduce fleet wear and tear
__ To improve driving skills and behaviors in our workforce
__ To monitor drivers’ compliance with regulatory/legal requirements
__ To monitor drivers’ compliance with our own motor vehicle safety policies
__ To fine-tune our journey management program
__ Other (please specify)
Approximately how long have you had the current In Vehicle Monitoring System (IVMS) operating in at least one of your fleet vehicles?
__ Years and ___ months (enter 0 years if less than 1 year)
__ Unsure
__ Prefer not to say
Approximately how long have you had any In Vehicle Monitoring System (IVMS) operating in at least one of your fleet vehicles?
__ Years and ___ months (enter 0 years if less than 1 year)
__ Unsure
__ Prefer not to say
Please write down the term most used in your company to describe IVMS. Examples include In-vehicle monitoring system, telematics, on-board monitoring systems, driving improvement monitoring systems, in-vehicle data recorders, fleet management apps, or driver risk management systems.
___________________________________________________
What type of IVMS system do you use?
__ Hardware-based / permanently mounted / wired system
__ Plug-in system
__ Mobile phone app / Mobile software solution
__ OEM (original equipment manufacturer) Telematics come already built into the vehicle’s electronics system (for example, OnStar)
__ Other (please specify) _____________________________________________________________
__ Not sure
Which of the following data do you collect with your IVMS? Please check all that apply.
__ Driver-facing camera video
__ Forward-facing camera video
__ GPS location / Geofencing
__ Speed
__ Speeding events over a fixed maximum speed limit (e.g. 85 mph)
__ Speeding events in relation to the posted speed limit
__ Rapid acceleration
__ Harsh braking / deceleration
__ Harsh turns / harsh cornering
__ Seat belt use
__ Mobile phone use
__ Eyes off road for any reason
__ Fatigued driving
__ Lane departure
__ Other (please specify): __________________
How do you keep track of which drivers are alone?
The IVMS has that capability
We combine IVMS data with other data sources to identify lone drivers
We do not currently track whether our drivers are working alone
Unsure
Prefer not to say
Please indicate if the following metrics are recorded and stored for individual fleet vehicles, regardless of whether the data are collected by IVMS.
__ Miles driven
__ Driving time / time operated
__ Idling time
__ Fuel consumption
__ vehicle on / off / # trips per day
What additional features are available through your IVMS? Select all that apply.
__ Data downloads
__ Detailed data or video from before and after an incident
__ Reports at the vehicle level
__ Reports at the driver level
__ Reports by operating unit
__ Reports at the basin level
__ Satellite communication
__ Two-way communication without voice
__ Two-way communication with voice
__ Panic button
__ Data recorded for at least one week even when out of cell range
__ Real-time tracking
__ The ability to upload company geo-data (e.g., private roads)
__ An application programming interface (API) to share data to/from the IVMS
__ Lone worker emergency alerts
What type of feedback does your IVMS provide immediately inside the vehicle to the driver?
Select all that apply.
__ None
__ Visual lights (e.g., red/yellow/green)
__ Audible beep or tone
__ Audible voice warning/notification
__ Haptic feedback (e.g. vibrating seat or steering wheel)
__ Other (please specify): _________________________________
Are employees allowed to use vehicles for personal use?
__ Yes, full personal use
__ Yes, limited personal use
__ No (this may include a rare exception for use in an emergency)
__ Unsure
__ Prefer not to say
If employees are allowed to use vehicles for personal use, are employees’ spouses/domestic
partners allowed to drive the vehicles?
__ Yes
__ No (this may include a rare exception for use in an emergency)
__ Unsure
__ Prefer not to say
If you hire contractors, do you require they have IVMS on their vehicles?
__ Yes, on all heavy vehicles (over 26,000 lbs.)
__ Yes, on all medium vehicles (10,001 to 26,000 lbs.)
__ Yes, on all light vehicles (up to 10,000 lbs.)
__ Yes, on particular vehicles or in particular circumstances
__ No IVMS requirements
__ Unsure
__ Prefer not to say
__ My organization does not hire contractors
If you hire contractors and require IVMS, do you require they share IVMS data with you? Select all that apply.
__ Contractors are required to share unrefined data (aka raw data)
__ Contractors are required to share aggregated metrics generated by an IVMS
__ Contractors are required to share IVMS data only after a motor vehicle incident, such as a collision or serious injury
__ Contractors are required to share with us how they are using IVMS data
__ No
__ Unsure
__ Prefer not to say
__ My organization does not hire contractors and/or does not require IVMS
If you hire contractors, do you allow contractors to budget for IVMS separately
from other contract-related expenses?
__ Yes
__ No
__ In some circumstances
__ Unsure
__ Prefer not to say
__ My organization does not hire contractors
Before implementing your current IVMS did you explain any of the following potential benefits
to drivers? Select all that apply.
__ A reduction in work-related crashes due to fatigue and at-risk driving behaviors
__ The ability to quickly find the driver in an emergency
__ Evidence of safe and fuel-efficient driving
__ Protection for drivers from false third-party claims
__ Improved safety for drivers’ family and friends, as improved defensive and fuel-efficient driving skills will extend to personal driving
Before implementing your current IVMS did you do any of the following? Check all that apply.
__ Connect the new IVMS program to the company’s overall motor vehicle safety program and goals
__ Clarify the roles and responsibilities of employees
__ Clarify the roles and responsibilities of managers
__ Manage any fears or resistance to installing the monitors and using the new system, including concerns about data privacy
__ Emphasize IVMS as a learning tool to help improve driving behaviors rather than a way to catch drivers’ mistakes and punish them
__ Show drivers what safety professionals and managers were going to see from the IVMS and how the data would be used, like with a software demonstration
2.1. Which vendor do you use for your IVMS?
_________________________________________
__ Unsure
__ Prefer not to say
2.2. Which factors did you consider when selecting your IVMS? Select all that apply.
__ Durability of hardware
__ Specifications and capabilities of the system
__ Scalability
__ Resources required for installation
__ Required maintenance
__ Availability of technical and customer support
__ Availability of system updates
__ Communication capabilities and requirements of the IVMS
__ Satellite coverage
__ Ability to operate without network connectivity
__ Electronic data privacy
__ The vendor’s understanding of your needs and how their IVMS solution met those needs
__ Unsure
__ Prefer not to say
Did you conduct a pilot test with your current IVMS?
__ Yes
__ No
__ Unsure
__ Prefer not to say
If you conducted a pilot test with your current IVMS, what strategies did you use?
__ Tested the product to ensure data were accurate.
__ Reviewed data frequently during the pilot
__ Tested monitors with default tolerances.
__ Tested higher and lower tolerances to test full functionality.
__ Worked with a group of drivers willing to provide constructive feedback.
__ Scheduled regular briefings with test drivers.
__ Asked what drivers thought about the alerts in general.
__ Asked drivers whether they understood what the alerts told them.
__ Asked drivers whether the alerts affected their driving.
__ Asked management whether the alerts made sense
__ Sought management buy-in for IVMS use
__ Compared pilot tests with more than one vendor
__ Performed a test to ensure IVMS data are stored and safeguarded to comply with local laws
3.1. Did your IVMS vendor provide training for supervisors and administrators?
__ Yes
__ No
__ Unsure
__ Prefer not to say
3.2. Did your IVMS vendor provide training directly to company drivers?
a. __ Yes
b. __ No
c. __ Unsure
d. __ Prefer not to say
3.3. Does IVMS training include any of the following elements? Select all that apply.
__ How the IVMS technology works
__ What the monitor records
__ How drivers are notified of a safety event (e.g., in-cab notification)
__ What the driver is expected to do in response to a safety event (e.g., in-cab notification)
__ What data will be collected
__ Why those data will be collected
__ How it will be protected
__ How frequently data will be reviewed
__ What will be done with the information to reduce event frequency (e.g., coaching, changing routes, etc.)
__ How to review IVMS scoring
__ How to interpret IVMS reports
__ Protocols for reviewing safety events
__ Circumstances that could incorrectly trigger events
__ How drivers can report IVMS errors
__ How errors are corrected in the system
3.4. Approximately how many person-hours does your company dedicate to IVMS training each year? One person-hour is one person in training for one hour.
_______________
3.5. How long do you retain IVMS data before it gets deleted?
_______ Years and _______ months (enter 0 years if less than 1 year)
__ It depends on the metric
__ Unsure
__ Prefer not to say
3.5.a [IF 3.5. = b THEN]
Please list how you long you retain your key metrics
Metric 1 |
## |
Days/Months/Years |
Metric 2 |
## |
Days/Months/Years |
Etc. |
## |
Days/Months/Years |
3.6. Please select the following data management practices currently in place for your IVMS data. These could be addressed internally or through a contract with a vendor or third party.
__ Due diligence checks on the IVMS vendor server to ensure data are safeguarded
__ Ensuring data processing agreements are current
__ Checking data localization rules and limitations for the chosen geographical area
__ Knowing how long IVMS data should be kept and setting up automatic deletion rules
__ Seeking driver consent if IVMS event data/footage is to be used for training purposes
__ Processing only data needed for performance monitoring and driver coaching (considerations include company drivers versus contractor drivers, on-duty versus off-duty journeys)
__ Limiting access to driver specific IVMS data as much as possible (especially video data)
__ For contractor staff, only processing aggregated or anonymized/pseudonymized data
3.7. Please select the following IVMS data quality practices currently in place at your company:
__ Calibration and standardization of IVMS metrics
__ Documented data cleaning processes
__ Feedback mechanisms to identify and correct errors
3.8. To the best of your knowledge please indicate whether your company has ever shared any in-vehicle monitoring system data, including aggregated data, with any of the following individuals or organizations:
__ Insurance company
__ Contractor management company (for example, ISN, Veriforce)
__ Trade association
__ University researcher
__ Government researcher
__ Private researcher
__ Emergency medical services organization
__ Law enforcement
__ Lawyers from outside of your company
__ Other: ____________________
3.9. To the best of your knowledge please indicate whether your company currently shares any in-vehicle monitoring system data, including aggregated data, with any of the following organizations on a regular basis:
__ Insurance company
__ Contractor management company (for example, ISN, Veriforce)
__ Trade association
__ University researcher
__ Government researcher
__ Private researcher
__ Emergency medical services organization
__ Law enforcement
__ Other: ____________________
3.10. Who assists your company in interpreting your IVMS data? Examples would include creating scorecards or reports for individual drivers, groups of drivers, and/the company as a whole, assessing trends over time, assessing effectiveness of the program for meeting goals. Please check all that apply. (There will be a separate set of questions about driver coaching and feedback later)
__The same company from which we got our IVMS equipment
__ A company different from where we got our IVMS equipment, please name the company if you feel comfortable doing so (Specify: ___________)
__ Fleet service provider (Specify: ___________)
__ Occupational/environmental health and safety consultant
__ IT/data analysis contractor
__ Some or all of the Work done in-house.
3.11. In which of the following situations does your company review or analyze IVMS data? Please check all that apply.
__ At the level of the firm on a regular schedule (for example, quarterly).
__ At the level of the basin on a regular schedule (for example, quarterly).
__ At the level of the individual driver on a regular schedule (for example, quarterly).
__ A single harsh-braking event.
__ Multiple harsh-braking events by an individual driver.
__ A single rapid acceleration event.
__ Multiple rapid acceleration events by an individual driver.
__ A single speeding event.
__ Multiple speeding events by an individual driver.
__ A single seat belt alert.
__ Multiple seat belt alerts by an individual driver.
__ A single distracted driver alert.
__ Multiple distracted driver alerts by an individual driver.
__ Any time there is a collision, regardless of severity, we review IVMS data for the driver and vehicle.
__ We review IVMS data only for collisions that meet certain criteria (for example, severity level, type of incident, or involvement of another vehicle).
3.12. Do you analyze data from drivers employed by your contractors?
a. __ Yes
b. __ No
c. __ In some circumstances
d. __ Not sure
e. __ Prefer not to say
f. __ My organization does not hire contractors.
g. __ My organization hires contractors and does not require IVMS.
3.13. Are you able to identify and separate out work-related driving vs. commuting trips in the IVMS data?
a. __ Yes
b. __ No
c. __ Not sure
d. __ Prefer not to say
e. __ My organization does not allow drivers to use IVMS for off-duty trips.
3.14. Are you able to identify off-duty trips in the IVMS data?
a. __ Yes, with no additional external information
b. __ Yes, when the IVMS is used in combination with another information system or dataset (e.g., data capturing a worker’s shift start and end times)
b. __ No
c. __ Not sure
d. __ Prefer not to say
e. __ My organization does not allow drivers to use IVMS for off-duty trips.
Driver performance and Coaching
3.15. Does your company coach drivers individually on their driving performance as part of your IVMS implementation?
__Yes
__No
3.16. If your company coaches drivers individually, who is responsible for coaching drivers on their driving performance? (Check all that apply)
__ The driver’s immediate supervisor or someone from driver’s supervisory chain
__ The fleet manager from your company
__ A health, safety, and environment professional from your company
__ A representative from the IVMS manufacturer
__ A representative from a fleet services provider or IVMS-specific data management company
__ A health, safety, and environment professional from outside your company
__Other (Specify__________________________________)
__ My company does not coach drivers
Do we need the unsure and prefer not to say for every qx?
3.17. How does your company communicate each driver’s driving performance / IVMS events back to the driver? Please check all that apply.
__ Each driver receives an individualized scorecard/report based on their IVMS-recorded driving events
__ Each driver receives a scorecard/report that is grouped at the work unit or company level
__ Supervisors and/or fleet managers receive real-time alerts for certain driving events via text or email
__ Supervisors and/or fleet managers must log in to a portal to see driver’s events and performance
__ Supervisors and/or fleet managers see driving events through a scorecard or performance summary that gets pushed to them via email, text, or online notification.
3.17. How does your company use the data collected through your IVMS? Please check all that apply.
__ We coach poor-performing drivers to improve their driving skills and performance.
__ We give good drivers positive feedback.
__ We use the data in investigations of collisions or incidents.
__ We use the data to support disciplinary actions for violations of traffic laws and company policies.
__ We analyze the data to identify risky behaviors across the fleet, to help us determine the need for new interventions, policies, and educational campaigns.
Is there currently a system in place to track and record the date and content of individual driver coaching sessions?
__ Yes
__ No
__ Unsure
__ Prefer not to say
How does your company promote quality and uniformity in driver coaching? Please check all that apply.
__Personnel who are responsible for coaching receive training from someone outside our company (e.g., the IVMS manufacturer, fleet service provider)
__An entity outside our company provides ongoing support to ensure quality and uniformity in coaching
__When IVMS results indicate a driver needs coaching, personnel responsible for coaching receive prompts and follow-up reminders to ensure that coaching is done in a timely manner
__Personnel who coach drivers are expected to document coaching sessions, and this information is reviewed at a higher level to ensure quality and completeness
4.1. Does your company have a strategy for continuous IVMS improvement?
4.2. Does your company periodically revisit IVMS goals and key metrics for monitoring IVMS success?
__ Yes
__ No
__ Unsure
__ Prefer not to say
4.3. Does your company develop specific plans for improving key IVMS metrics and meeting IVMS goals?
__ Yes
__ No
__ Unsure
__ Prefer not to say
4.4. Does your company regularly monitor progress towards targets?
__ Yes
__ No
__ Unsure
__ Prefer not to say
4.5. Does your company update targets to more aspirational levels once previously established ones are reached?
__ Yes
__ No
__ Unsure
__ Prefer not to say
4.6. Does your company consider ways to integrate IVMS into fleet and asset management for complete visibility across the business?
__ Yes
__ No
__ Unsure
__ Prefer not to say
4.7. Does your company check for unintended consequences of metrics and address them if they emerge (e.g., running red lights to avoid harsh braking)?
__ Yes
__ No
__ Unsure
__ Prefer not to say
4.8. Please indicate whether you agree or disagree with the following statements.
Statement |
Strongly Agree |
Agree |
Neutral |
Disagree |
Strongly Disagree |
Unsure |
Using an IVMS lets me do things I could not do without it. |
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Using an IVMS helps me accomplish tasks more quickly. |
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Learning to operate the IVMS has been easy for me. |
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I currently find the IVMS easy to use. |
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My senior management has supported the use of IVMS. |
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In general, employees supported the use of IVMS when one was first implemented. |
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In general, employees currently support the use of IVMS. |
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The IVMS has not been compatible with other systems I use (e.g., for tracking other key performance indicators). |
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A specific person or group has provided help when the IVMS has been difficult to use. |
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I like using an IVMS. |
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5.1. For which of the areas below does your company have formal road safety policies and procedures? Select all that apply.
__Seat belt use
__Mobile phone use (handheld)
__Mobile phone use (hands free)
__Impaired driving (i.e., alcohol, legal and illegal substances and medications)
__Fatigue risk management
__Speed management
__Pre-trip vehicle inspection
__Driver training
__Training for managers and supervisors related to their road safety role/responsibilities
Which of the following processes are part of your motor vehicle safety management program? Select all that apply.
__ Background / license check on drivers before hire
__ Drug testing
__ Periodic repetition of background checks, MVR checks, and/or drug tests
__ Identification of high-risk drivers
__ Commentary drives
__ Regular review of data (e.g., crash, claims, workers’ comp, IVMS) for continuous improvement
__ Reporting of road safety performance to upper management/fleet safety scorecard
__ Collision reviews
__ Standards for selection of safe vehicles
Separate from IVMS are there technologies you require in your fleet vehicles?
__ Speed governors
__ Forward collision warning
__ Blind spot warning
__ Lane departure warning
__ Adaptive cruise control
__ Semi-autonomous parking assist
__ Fatigue/drowsy driving alert
__ Night vision enhancement
__ Navigation assistance
__ Voice control
__ Integrate Bluetooth cell phone
__ In-vehicle concierge
__ Back-up cameras
__ 360 degree overhead cameras
__ Park assist
Separate from IVMS are there technologies you prohibit in your fleet vehicles?
__ Speed governors
__ Forward collision warning
__ Blind spot warning
__ Lane departure warning
__ Adaptive cruise control
__ Semi-autonomous parking assist
__ Fatigue/drowsy driving alert
__ Night vision enhancement
__ Navigation assistance
__ Voice control
__ Integrate Bluetooth cell phone
__ In-vehicle concierge
__ Other (please specify): _____________________
File Type | application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document |
Author | Kenneth Scott, (Ken) (CDC/NIOSH/WSD) |
File Modified | 0000-00-00 |
File Created | 2025-07-02 |