Understanding Social Interactions and Sexual Behavior in the Military

OMB CONTROL NUMBER: 0704-0644

OMB EXPIRATION DATE: 01/31/2026

AGENCY DISCLOSURE NOTICE

The public reporting burden for this collection of information, 0704-0644, is estimated to average .5 hours per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding the burden estimate or burden reduction suggestions to the Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, at whs.mc-alex.esd.mbx.dd-dod-information-collections@mail.mil. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number.

Participant Questions

Note: Numbers in parentheses by response options, text in grey or blue boxes about skip patterns, text in grey about survey sections or page breaks, and text in blue about survey sources will not be visible to participants.

Eligibility Screener

Before proceeding to the study, participants will be asked these initial questions to confirm that they are eligible

Please complete the following questions to find out if you’re eligible to participate in a paid research study “Anonymous Survey on Social Interactions and Sexual Behavior in the Military.”

E1. Are you 18 or older?

• Yes (1)

• No (2)

Skip To: Q5 If answer is No

E2. Do you serve in the Active or Reserve component?

• Active (1)

• Reserve (including members currently serving in a full-time or active status) (2)

Skip To: Q5 If answer is No

E3. How do you describe your gender?

• Man (1)

• Woman (2)

• Some other way (3)

• Prefer not to answer (4)

Skip To: Q5 If gender does not equal Man

E4. Please select your rank from the list below

• E1-E2 (1)

• E3-E4 (2)

• E5-E9 (3)

• W1-W5 (4)

• O1-O6 (5)

Skip To: Q5 If rank does not equal E1-E4

E5. Thank you for your time. Unfortunately, your participation is not needed in this research at this time. [End of survey screen]

E6. You are eligible to participate in this research! Click on the arrow below to continue to the anonymous survey. [Continue to Informed Consent Screen]

Start of Block: Informed Consent

[The full Informed Consent Form will be displayed here]

End of Block: Informed Consent

Start of Block: Introduction

Thank you for participating in this study. To receive a gift certificate, you must complete this survey on a personal, non-government device, outside of duty hours. If you are currently on a government device, forward this link to a personal computer or smartphone and close out of this window to take the survey while off-duty.

This survey will take you about 20-30 minutes to complete and covers many different topics related to your dating, sexual, personal, and professional relationships. There are no right or wrong answers, only what is right to you. We ask only that you answer each question as honestly as you can. It is your right to skip questions that you do not feel comfortable answering. However, we hope that you will keep in mind that the information you provide will be anonymous. We are protecting your anonymity in the following ways:

• The survey platform we use does NOT collect name, e-mail address, IP address, or location, so we won’t be able to link your identity to your survey responses in any way.

• At the end of the survey, you can claim your gift certificate by entering your e-mail address at a separate link so there is no way to connect your e-mail to your survey response.

• This research is conducted by IDA, a nonprofit organization that is external to the Department of Defense. The data will not be sent to individual Commands or unit leaders.

Press the arrow button below to begin the survey. Keep in mind that in order for the information from this research to be most helpful, it is important that you try to be as accurate, complete, and honest as possible with your answers.

End of Block: Introduction

Start of Block: Connectedness and Wellbeing

This first set of questions asks about your social networks and your feelings of connectedness to other people and the military.

Q1 Are you currently married?

• Yes (1)

• No (2)

Q2 Do you have a two-year associate’s degree or a four-year college/university degree or higher?

• Yes (1)

• No (2)

Q3 [Swartout, Social Network Analysis Project] How many close friends do you have in the military (meaning people that you feel at ease with, can talk to about private matters, and can call on for help)? Please enter a number only.

________________________________________________________________

Q4 [Swartout, Social Network Analysis Project] How many close friends in the military do you see or talk to at least once every two weeks? Please enter a number only.

________________________________________________________________

Q5 [Swartout, Social Network Analysis Project] How many close friends outside of the military do you see or talk to at least once every two weeks? Please enter a number only.

________________________________________________________________

Q6 [Defense Equal Opportunity Survey (DEOCS), Connectedness] In the next section, please indicate how much you agree or disagree with each of the following statements.

	Strongly Disagree (1)	Disagree (2)	Neither Agree nor Disagree (3)	Agree (4)	Strongly Agree (5)
These days, I feel like I belong. (1)
These days, I feel that there are people I can turn to in times of need. (2)
These days I think I make things worse for the people in my life. (3)
My future seems dark to me. (4)

Page Break

Q7 The next questions ask about your attitudes about the military Service to which you belong. To begin, please select your military Service affiliation below.

• Army (1)

• Navy (2)

• Marine Corps (3)

• Air Force or Space Force (4)

Page Break

Q8 [Woodruff, 2022; Organizational identification] Please consider your military Service in responding to the following statements. There are no right or wrong answers; we are interested in your honest reactions.

	Strongly Disagree (1)	Disagree (2)	Neither Agree nor Disagree (3)	Agree (4)	Strongly Agree (5)
When someone criticizes the ${Q12/Insert military Service}, it feels like a personal insult. (1)
Being a member of the ${Q12/Insert military Service} is central to the person I am. (2)
I would feel a sense of loss if I were no longer part of the ${Q12/Insert military Service}. (3)
When someone praises the ${Q12/Insert military Service }, it feels like a personal compliment. (4)

Page Break

Q9 This next set of questions asks about your alcohol use. All the information you share is anonymous and cannot be linked to your name or any identifying information.

[WGRA, 2018] How many drinks containing alcohol do you have on a typical day when drinking (1 drink = 1 can/bottle of beer, cider, or hard seltzer/lemonade; 1 glass of wine; or 1 shot of liquor)?

• None, I never drink alcohol (1)

• 1 or 2 (2)

• 3 or 4 (3)

• 5 or 6 (4)

• 7 or 8 (5)

• 9 or more (6)

Skip To: End of Block If selected “None, I never drink alcohol”

Q10 [WGRA, 2018] During the past year, how often have you been unable to remember what happened the night before because you had been drinking?

• Never (1)

• 1 or 2 times a year (2)

• Once every 2 or 3 months (3)

• Once a month (4)

• 2 to 4 times a month (5)

• 2 or more times a week (6)

Q11 [Adapted from Parkhill & Abbey, 2008] Of all the times you’ve had sex in the past, how often did you drink alcohol directly before and/or during a sexual encounter? By sex, we mean oral sex, anal sex, vaginal intercourse, or vaginal/anal penetration by a finger or object.

• Never (1)

• A few of the times I’ve had sex (2)

• Some of the times I’ve had sex (3)

• Most of the times I’ve had sex (4)

• Every time I’ve had sex (5)

• N/A – I’ve never had sex (6)

Skip To: End of Block If selected “N/A - I have never had sex”

Q12 [Adapted from Parkhill & Abbey, 2008] When you drink alcohol directly before and/or during a sexual encounter, what is the typical number of alcoholic drinks you have? One drink is 12 ounces of beer/cider/hard seltzer, 5 ounces of wine, or one shot of liquor.

• 1 or 2 (1)

• 3 or 4 (2)

• 5 or 6 (3)

• 7 or 8 (4)

• 9 or more (5)

End of Block: Connectedness and Wellbeing

Start of Block: General Sexual Behavior and Attitudes

Display This Question:

If Of all the times you’ve had sex in the past, how often did you drink alcohol directly before and/... does not equal N/A - I have never had sex

Q13 In this section, you will be asked about sexual experiences. By sex, we mean oral sex, anal sex, vaginal intercourse, or vaginal/anal penetration by a finger or object. We know these are personal questions, so we did not ask your name or other identifying information. All the information you share is anonymous.

Select the gender of the people you’ve had sex with in the past.

• Only women (1)

• Only men (2)

• Men and women (3)

• Other (4)

Display This Question:

If Of all the times you’ve had sex in the past, how often did you drink alcohol directly before and/… does not equal N/A - I have never had sex

Q14 – 19 [Simpson and Gangestad, 1991, Sociosexual Orientation Inventory (SOI-R)]

Q14 How many different partners have you ever had sex with? Please enter a number only.

________________________________________________________________

Display This Question:

If Of all the times you’ve had sex in the past, how often did you drink alcohol directly before and/… does not equal N/A - I have never had sex

Q15 How many different partners have you had sex with in the past 12 months? Please enter a number only.

________________________________________________________________

Display This Question: If Of all the times you’ve had sex in the past, how often did you drink alcohol directly before and/… does not equal N/A - I have never had sex

Q16 In total, how many partners have you had sex with just once (e.g., one-night stands)? Please enter a number only.

________________________________________________________________

Q17 How often do you fantasize about having sex with someone who is not a current romantic partner?

• Never (1)

• Once every two or three months (2)

• Once a month (3)

• Once every two weeks (4)

• Once a week (5)

• A few times each week (6)

• Nearly every day (7)

• At least once a day (8)

Q18 If you are paying attention to this question, select "About once a month."

• Never (1)

• Very seldom (2)

• About once every two or three months (3)

• About once a month (4)

• About once every two weeks (5)

Q19 Please indicate the extent to which you agree or disagree with the following statements.

	1 - Strongly Disagree (1)		2 (2)	3 (3)	4 (4)	Neither Agree nor Disagree 5 (5)	6 (6)	7 (7)	8 (8)	9 - Strongly Agree (9)
Sex without love is OK (1)
I can imagine myself being comfortable and enjoying "casual" sex with different partners (2)
I would have to be closely attached to someone emotionally before I could feel comfortable and fully enjoy sex with them (3)

End of Block: General Sexual Behavior and Attitudes

Start of Block: Sexual Aggression Scales

Q20 [Peterson et al., 2010, Sexual Strategies Scale (SSS)]

In this section, you will be asked about strategies you used to try and get someone to have sex with you at any time or any place since you began serving in the military, starting with basic training. These experiences could occur off-installation or on-installation and with anyone, including civilians or military members.

Since you began serving in the military, have you ever used the following strategies to get someone to have sex with you when they didn’t want to? By sex we mean oral sex, anal sex, vaginal intercourse, or vaginal/anal penetration by a finger or object.

We know these are personal questions, so all the information you share is anonymous and cannot be linked to your identity.

	0 times (1)	1 time (2)	2 times (3)	3+ times (4)
Continuing to touch and kiss someone in the hopes that they will give in to sex (1)
Telling someone lies (e.g., saying ‘‘I love you’’ when you don’t) to get them to have sex (2)
Using your older age to convince someone to have sex (3)
Getting someone drunk or high in order to get them to have sex (4)
Threatening to tell others a secret or lie about someone or share intimate pictures/videos of them if they don’t have sex (i.e., blackmail) (5)
Asking someone repeatedly to have sex (6)
Blocking someone if they try to leave the room to get them to have sex (7)
Threatening to harm someone physically if they don’t have sex (8)
Taking advantage of the fact that someone is drunk/high to have sex with them (9)
Threatening to harm yourself if someone doesn’t have sex (10)
Using a weapon to frighten someone into having sex (11)
Taking off someone’s clothes in the hopes that they will give in to sex (12)
Taking off your clothes in the hopes that someone will give in to sex (13)
Using physical restraint to get someone to have sex (14)
Threatening to break up with someone if they don’t have sex (15)
Questioning someone’s sexuality (e.g., calling them a lesbian) to get them to have sex (16)
Using your authority to convince someone to have sex (e.g., if you were their boss, supervisor, etc.) (17)
Harming someone physically to get them to have sex (18)
Tying someone up to make them have sex (19)
Questioning someone’s commitment to the relationship (e.g., saying “if you loved me, you would”) to get them to have sex (20)
Accusing someone of "leading you on" or being "a tease" to get them to have sex (21)
Slipping someone drugs (e.g., GHB or "Roofies") so that you can have sex with them (22)

Page Break

Display This Question if engaged in any of the above behaviors one or more times

Q21 Select the gender of the people you tried to have sex with using the strategies on the previous page

• Only women (1)

• Only men (2)

• Men and women (3)

• Other (4)

Page Break

[Abbey, Parkhill, and Koss, 2005, Sexual Experiences Survey]

In this section, you will be asked about sexual experiences. These questions are similar to those you just answered, but refer to both the ways you tried to get someone to have sex as well as the type of sexual experiences you had (sex, sexual touching). You will be asked about experiences that occurred at any time or any place since you began serving in the military, starting with basic training. These experiences could occur off-installation or on-installation and with anyone, including civilians or military members. 

Since you began serving in the military, have you ever had the following experiences? When we use the term sex below we mean oral sex, anal sex, vaginal intercourse, or vaginal/anal penetration by a finger/object. Select the number of times each experience happened. If several experiences occurred on the same occasion, please indicate all of them. We know these are personal questions, so all the information you share is anonymous and cannot be linked to your identity.

Q22 Have you ever overwhelmed someone with continual arguments and pressure in order to…

	0 times (1)	1 time (2)	2 times (3)	3+ times (4)
Fondle, kiss, or rub up against the private areas of their body (lips, breast/chest, crotch or butt) when they didn’t want to? (1)
Attempt to make them have sex when they didn’t want to, but you did not end up having sex with them for some reason (2)
Make them have sex with you when they didn’t want to? (3)

Q23 Have you ever told lies or made promises to someone that you knew were untrue in order to…

	0 times (1)	1 time (2)	2 times (3)	3+ times (4)
Fondle, kiss, or rub up against the private areas of their body (lips, breast/chest, crotch or butt) when they didn’t want to? (1)
Attempt to make them have sex when they didn’t want to, but you did not end up having sex with them for some reason? (2)
Make them have sex with you when they didn’t want to? (3)

Q24 Have you ever shown you were not happy by making someone feel guilty, swearing at them, sulking, or getting angry at them in order to…

	0 times (1)	1 time (2)	2 times (3)	3+ times (4)
Fondle, kiss, or rub up against the private areas of their body (lips, breast/chest, crotch or butt) when they didn’t want to? (1)
Attempt to make them have sex when they didn’t want to, but you did not end up having sex with them for some reason sex? (2)
Make them have sex with you when they didn’t want to? (3)

Q25 Have you ever threatened to end your relationship with someone or spread rumors about them in order to…

	0 times (1)	1 time (2)	2 times (3)	3+ times (4)
Fondle, kiss, or rub up against the private areas of their body (lips, breast/chest, crotch or butt) when they didn’t want to? (1)
Attempt to make them have sex when they didn’t want to, but you did not end up having sex with them for some reason? (2)
Make them have sex with you when they didn’t want to? (3)

Q26 Have you ever given someone drugs or alcohol without their knowledge or consent in order to…

	0 times (1)	1 time (2)	2 times (3)	3+ times (4)
Fondle, kiss, or rub up against the private areas of their body (lips, breast/chest, crotch or butt) when they didn’t want to? (1)
Attempt to make them have sex when they didn’t want to, but you did not end up having sex with them for some reason? (2)
Make them have sex with you when they didn’t want to? (3)

Q27 When someone was passed out or too intoxicated (e.g., by drugs or alcohol) to give consent or stop what was happening, have you ever…

	0 times (1)	1 time (2)	2 times (3)		3+ times (4)
Fondled, kissed, or rubbed up against the private areas of their body (lips, breast/chest, crotch or butt)? (1)
Attempted to make them have sex but you did not end up having sex with them for some reason sex? (2)
Made them have sex with you? (3)

Q28 Have you ever threatened to harm someone or someone close to them in order to…

	0 times (1)	1 time (2)	2 times (3)		3+ times (4)
Fondle, kiss, or rub up against the private areas of their body (lips, breast/chest, crotch or butt) when they didn’t want to? (1)
Attempt to make them have sex when they didn’t want to, but you did not end up having sex with them for some reason? (2)
Make them have sex with you when they didn’t want to? (3)

Q29 Have you ever used some degree of physical force with someone (twisting arm, holding down) or in any other way restrained or physically hurt someone in order to…

	0 times (1)	1 time (2)	2 times (3)		3+ times (4)
Fondle, kiss, or rub up against the private areas of their body (lips, breast/chest, crotch or butt) when they didn’t want to? (1)
Attempt to make them have sex when they didn’t want to, but you did not end up having sex with them for some reason? (2)
Make them have sex with you when they didn’t want to? (3)

Display This Question Display This Question if indicated engaged in any of the above behaviors one or more times

Q30 Select the gender of the people you tried to have sex with using the strategies above.

• Only women (1)

• Only men (2)

• Men and women (3)

• Other (4)

Page Break

End of Block: Sexual Aggression Scales

Start of Block: Event items

Q31 – Q40 [Adapted from WGRA, 2021]

Q31 Below is a list of the experiences you marked on the last screens. Think about the one experience from the list below that you remember most clearly.

[endorsed strategies will be listed below]

Thinking about the one experience from the list above that you remember most clearly, answer the questions on the next page. The questions will refer to this experience as “the event.”

Q32 [If no strategies/experiences were endorsed]
Now think about a sexual experience you remember most clearly since you began serving in the military when answering the following questions. The questions will refer to this experience as “the event.”

Remember, all of the information you share is anonymous.

Q33 Indicate the gender of the person(s) involved in the event (other than yourself).

• One woman (1)

• More than one woman (2)

• One man (3)

• More than one man (4)

• A mix of men and women (5)

• Other (6)

• Do not remember (7)

Q34 At the time of the event, had you been drinking alcohol?

• Yes (1)

• No (2)

• Do not remember (3)

Q35 At the time of the event, had any of the other people involved been drinking alcohol?

• Yes (1)

• No (2)

• Do not remember/Do not know (3)

Q36 Which of the following best describe the situation where this event occurred?

• While you were out at a social event that was NOT an official military function (1)

• While you were out at an official military function (7)

• While you were at work during duty hours (2)

• At your home, quarters, barracks, dorms, or hotel room (3)

• At someone else’s home, quarters, barracks, dorms, or hotel room (4)

• None of the above (5)

• Do not remember (6)

Q37 At the time of the event, what was your paygrade?

• E1

• E2

• E3

• E4

• E5

• E6

• Don’t remember

Q38 At the time of the event…select "yes" for all that apply.

	Yes (1)	No (2)	Do Not Remember (3)
Were you newly arriving to the unit (i.e., arrived within the prior 120 days from another unit or returning from deployment)? (1)
Were any of the other person(s) involved newly arriving to the unit (i.e., arrived within 120 days from another unit or returning from deployment)? (2)
Were you preparing to leave the unit (for example, a permanent change of station, transfer to another unit, or separating from the military)? (3)
Were any of the other person(s) involved preparing to leave the unit for example, a permanent change of station, transfer to another unit, or separating from the military)? (4)

Q39 At what point in your military career did the event occur? Select "yes" for all that apply.

	Yes (1)	No (2)	Do not remember (3)
While you were in recruit training/basic training (1)
While you were attending military occupational specialty school, technical training, advanced individual training, or professional military education (2)
While you were assigned at a military installation/ship or another military work location CONUS (in the contiguous US, including Washington, DC or any state except Hawaii or Alaska) (3)
While you were assigned at a military installation/ship or another military work location OCONUS (in a foreign country, U.S. territory, Hawaii, or Alaska) (4)
While you were on Temporary Duty Travel (TDY)/Temporary Duty Assignment (TAD), at sea, or during field exercises/alerts (5)
While you were deployed to a combat zone or to an area where you drew imminent danger pay or hostile fire pay (6)

Q40 For the following questions, think about your immediate supervisor (i.e., the person to whom you directly report in your unit) at the point in your military career when the event happened. My immediate supervisor…

	Strongly Disagree (1)	Disagree (2)	Neither Agree nor Disagree (3)	Agree (4)	Strongly Agree (5)	Do Not Remember (6)
Promoted responsible alcohol use. (1)
Would have corrected individuals who referred to coworkers as “honey”, “babe”, “sweetie”, or used other unprofessional language at work. (2)
Would have stopped individuals who were talking about sexual topics at work. (3)
Would have intervened if an individual was receiving sexual attention at work (for example, staring at someone’s chest, standing too close, rubbing someone’s shoulders). (4)
Encouraged individuals to help others in risky situations that could result in harmful outcomes (e.g., sexual assault, violence, suicide). (5)

	Strongly Disagree (1)	Disagree (2)	Slightly Disagree (3)	Neither Agree nor Disagree (4)	Slightly Agree (5)	Agree (6)	Strongly Agree (7)
If my partner seems less than excited about sex, I will stop and ask if they want to be sexual with me. (1)
If my partner is not expressing physical affection toward me during sex, I check in with them to make sure they want to have sex, even if they verbally agreed to sex. (2)
If I am unclear about my partner’s body language I make sure to verbally check in with them to be sure that they want to have sex. (3)
I pay attention to my partner’s body language during sexual encounters to be sure that they want to have sex. (4)
If I’m having sex with a partner who I’ve had sex with before, I still make sure to check in about their sexual needs and desires. (5)

Q41 [Glace et al., 2020 – Ongoing consent subscale of process-based consent scale] The next set of questions ask about your typical behavior during sex. By sex we mean oral sex, anal sex, vaginal intercourse, or vaginal/anal penetration by a finger/object. Please indicate the extent to which you agree or disagree that the following statements are true for you in a typical sexual encounter with past and/or current partners. All the information you share is anonymous.

End of Block: Event items

Start of Block: Sexual Harassment and Misconduct

Q42 [WGRA, 2021, RAND sexual harassment scale] In this section, you will be asked about experiences with people at work at any time while serving in the military, starting with basic training. When the questions say “someone from work” please think of anyone you have contact with as part of your military duties. “Someone from work” can include military members or civilians/contractors and may take place on- or off-duty and on- or off-base. We know these are personal questions, so we did not ask your name or other identifying information. All the information you share is anonymous.

While serving in the military, have you ever said or done the following to someone from work? Select the number of times you've engaged in each of the following actions. If several interactions occurred on the same occasion, you should indicate all of them.

	0 times (1)	1 time (2)	2 times (3)	3+ times (4)
Told someone from work sexual jokes when they didn’t ask to hear them (1)
Suggested to someone from work that they did not act how a man or woman is supposed to act (2)
Made sexual gestures or sexual body movements directed at someone from work (for example, thrusting my pelvis or grabbing my crotch) (3)
Displayed, showed, or sent sexually explicit materials (like pictures or videos) to someone from work when they did not ask to see them (4)
Told someone from work about my sexual activities when they did not ask about it (5)
Asked someone from work about their sex life or sexual interests when they did not start the conversation about it (6)
Made sexual comments to someone from work about their appearance or body (7)
Shared sexually suggestive pictures or videos of someone from work without their permission (8)
If you are paying attention to this question, select “2 times” (9)
Attempted to establish romantic or sexual relationships with someone from work even though they discouraged it (i.e., can range from asking someone out on a date to asking for sex or a “hookup”) (10)

Q43 Since you began military service, have you been charged with any of the following offenses - either in civilian courts or in the military?

	Yes (1)	No (2)
Driving while intoxicated or under the influence (1)
Reckless driving (2)
Drunk and disorderly behavior or public drunkenness (3)
Rape or sexual assault (4)
An offense involving violence such as assault, robbery, breaking and entering, brandishing a weapon (5)
Stealing, theft, or destruction of property (6)
Illegal possession, distribution, or use of drugs (7)
Failure to obey a lawful order (8)
Disrespect to a senior officer (9)
Sexual harassment (10)
Hazing (11)
Charged with any other offense (12)

Display This Question: If Since you began military service, have you been charged with any of the following offenses ... = Yes

Q44 Have you ever received a punishment for any of the above offenses (e.g., punishment from courts-martial conviction, nonjudicial punishment (Article 15), letter of counseling, letter of reprimand, letter of cautions)?

• Yes (1)

• No (2)

Start of Block: Social Norms and Climate

Q45 The next set of questions asks about your experiences with peers, coworkers, and supervisors in the military.

[WGRA, 2021] Since you began serving in the military, how often have you experienced any of the following behaviors, where your coworkers or immediate supervisor (individual to whom you directly report in your unit)…

	Never (1)	Once or twice (2)	Sometimes (3)	Often (4)	Very often (5)
Intentionally interfered with your work performance (1)
Did not provide information or assistance when you needed it (2)
Were excessively harsh in their criticism of your work performance (3)
Took credit for work or ideas that were yours (4)
Gossiped/talked about you (5)
Used insults, sarcasm, or gestures to humiliate you (6)
Yelled when they were angry at you (7)
Swore at you in a hostile manner (8)
Damaged or stole your property or equipment (9)

Q46 [Abbey et al., 2001/2006] The next set of questions has to do with your friends’ beliefs and attitudes.

Thinking about your friends in the military, to what extent would they approve of…

	Not at all (1)	Very little (2)	Somewhat (3)	Quite a bit (4)	Very much (5)
Getting drunk to the point of blacking out (1)
Physically fighting someone who was disrespectful (2)
Making sexual jokes, sexual comments, or sexual gestures in the workplace (3)
Lying to someone to have sex with them (4)
Getting someone drunk or high to have sex with them (5)
Forcing someone to have sex (6)

Q47 Thinking about your friends outside of the military, to what extent would they approve of…

	Not at all (1)	Very little (2)	Somewhat (3)	Quite a bit (4)	Very much (5)
Getting drunk to the point of blacking out (1)
Physically fighting someone who was disrespectful (2)
Making sexual jokes, sexual comments, or sexual gestures in the workplace (3)
Lying to someone to have sex with them (4)
Getting someone drunk or high to have sex with them (5)
Forcing someone to have sex (6)

End of Block: Social Norms and Climate

Start of Block: Hostile Masculinity

Q48 [Nelson, 1979 Sexual Dominance Scale] People have sexual relations (oral sex, anal sex, vaginal intercourse, anal/vaginal penetration with a finger or object) with others for many reasons. The following list includes some of the reasons others have given for their sexual behavior. We would like to know all the reasons that are involved in your own sexual behavior, and how important each of these reasons is to you. How important are the following reasons for having sex to you?

	Not Important at All (1)	Not Too Important (2)	Somewhat Important (3)	Important (4)	Very Important (5)
Because I like the feeling that I really have someone in my grasp (1)
Because in the act of sex, more than at any other time, I get the feeling that I can really influence how someone feels and behaves (2)
Because I like it when my partner is really open and vulnerable to me (3)
Because when my partner finally surrenders to me I get this incredibly satisfying feeling (4)

Q49 [Lonsway, 1995 - Hostility toward Women Scale] We would now like you to think about your relations with women in general. Please indicate the extent to which you agree or disagree with the following statements:

	Strongly Disagree (1)	Disagree (2)	Slightly Disagree (3)	Neither Agree nor Disagree (4)	Slightly Agree (5)	Agree (6)	Strongly Agree (7)
I feel that many times women flirt with men just to tease them or hurt them. (1)
I believe that most women tell the truth. (2)
I usually find myself agreeing with women. (3)
I think that most women would lie just to get ahead. (4)
Generally, it is safer not to trust women. (5)
When it really comes down to it, a lot of women are deceitful. (6)
I am easily angered by women. (7)
I am treated unfairly by the women in my life. (8)
Sometimes women bother me by just being around. (9)
Women are responsible for most of my troubles. (10)

End of Block: Hostile Masculinity

Start of Block: Childhood Experiences

Q50 [Dube et al., 2004, Adverse Childhood Experiences, Q57-60] The next set of questions ask about your experiences while you were a child and adolescent (before you turned 18 years old). We know these are personal questions, so all the information you share is completely anonymous.

While you were growing up, before you turned 18, how often did a parent, step-parent, or adult living in your home…

	Never (1)	Rarely (2)	Sometimes (3)	Often (4)	Very Often (5)
Swear at you, insult you, or put you down? (1)
Act in a way that made you afraid that you might be physically hurt? (2)
Push, grab, slap, or throw something at you? (3)
Hit you so hard that you had marks or were injured? (4)

Q51 Sometimes physical blows occur between parents. While you were growing up, before you turned 18, how often did one of your parents, step-parents or adults living in your home do any of these things to one of the other adults living in your home?

	Never (1)	Rarely (2)	Sometimes (3)	Often (4)	Very Often (5)
Push, grab, slap, or throw something at them. (1)
Kick, bite, hit them with a fist, or hit them with something hard. (2)
Repeatedly hit them for at least a few minutes. (3)
Threaten them with a knife or gun, or used a knife or gun to hurt them. (4)

Q52 While you were growing up, before you turned 18, did an adult or person at least 5 years older than you ever…

	Never (1)	Rarely (2)	Sometimes (3)	Often (4)	Very Often (5)
Touch or fondle you in a sexual way? (1)
Have you touch their body in a sexual way? (2)
Attempt oral, anal, or vaginal intercourse with you? (3)
Actually have oral, anal, or vaginal intercourse with you? (4)

Q53 While you were growing up, before you turned 18, did you ever lose a parent through divorce, separation, abandonment, death or any other reason?

• Yes (1)

• No (2)

End of Block: Childhood Experiences

Start of Block: Socially Desirable Responding

Q54 [Hart et al., 2015, Balanced Inventory of Socially Desirable Responding] Using the scale below as a guide, select a number beside each statement to indicate how much you agree with it.

	1 - Strongly Disagree	2	3	4	5	6	7	8 - Strongly Agree
I sometimes tell lies if I have to. (1)
I never cover up my mistakes. (2)
There have been occasions when I have taken advantage of someone. (3)
I sometimes try to get even rather than forgive and forget. (4)
I have said something bad about a friend behind his or her back. (5)
When I hear people talking privately, I avoid listening. (6)
I never take things that don’t belong to me. (7)
I don’t gossip about other people’s business. (8)

End of Block: Socially Desirable Responding

Start of Block: Demographics

The final questions in this survey ask for demographic information. The purpose of these questions is to assess whether participants in our survey are representative of the general military population. This information will NOT be used to identify you in any way. This survey is completely anonymous.

Q55 What is your age?

• 18 - 22 (1)

• 23 + (2)

Q56 How many years of service do you currently have?

• 0 - 4 (1)

• 5 + (2)

Q57 How do you describe your sexual orientation?

• Heterosexual or straight (1)

• Gay or lesbian (2)

• Bisexual (3)

• Some other way (4)

• Prefer not to answer (5)

Display This Question If military Service = Air Force or Space Force

Q58 Please select your Air Force or Space Force Career Field from the list below. This list is limited to broad career fields, rather than specific job titles, to protect your anonymity. Please note the Career Field name is preceded by the AFSC code prefix.

• Aircrew Operations (1X)

• Maintenance and Logistics (2X)

• Combat or Installation Support and Special Duty (3X, 7X, 8X)

• Medical and Dental, Legal, Religious, Contracting, Financial, and Other (4X, 5X, 6X, Other)

Display This Question If military Service = Army

Q59 Please select your Army Career Field from the list below. This list is limited to broad career fields, rather than specific job titles, to protect your anonymity. Please note the Career Field name is preceded by the MOS Code prefix.

• Operations (11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18, 19, 31, 37, 38, 74)

• Information Dominance – Cyber, Communications, and Information Systems (17, 25)

• Legal, Religious, Medical, and Other (27, 56, 68, Other)

• Operations Support and Force Sustainment (35, 36, 42, 46, 51, 79, 88, 89, 91, 92, 94)

Display This Question If military Service = Navy

Q60 Please select your Navy Career Field from the list below. This list is limited to broad career fields, rather than specific job titles, to protect your anonymity. 

• Aviation

• Information Warfare, SpecOps, or SpecWar

• Staff Corps (Supply, Medical, Seabees)

• Surface, Submarine, or Nuclear

• Other

Display This Question if military Service = Marine Corps

Q61 Please select your Marine Corps Occupational Field from the list below. . This list is limited to broad career fields, rather than specific job titles, to protect your anonymity. Please note the Occupational Field name is preceded by the MOS Code prefix.

• Administrative and Other (01, 34, 41, 44, 8X, Other)

• Intelligence and Communications (2, 17, 26, 27, 45, 6, 28)

• Infantry (3, 5, 8, 18, 21, 23, 57, 58)

• Logistics (4, 11, 13, 30, 31, 33, 35)

• Aviation (59, 6X, 70, 72, 73)

Q63 Would you describe yourself as a racial/ethnic minority?

• Yes (e.g., American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, Black or African American, Hispanic or Latino, , Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander) (1)

• No (e.g., Caucasian, White, European) (2)

• Prefer not to answer (3)

End of Block: Demographics

Start of Block: Final Page

Thank you for taking the time to complete this survey. Your responses will help inform DoD efforts to improve the health and wellbeing of Service members.

RESOURCES & SUPPORT: If you are experiencing any distress after taking this survey, or require any resources, you can contact the following numbers/websites for 24/7 support:

• Military OneSource: https://www.militaryonesource.mil/ OR 800-342-9647

• DoD Safe Helpline for DoD Sexual Assault Services: https://www.safehelpline.org OR 877-995-5247

• Veterans/Military Crisis Line: https://www.veteranscrisisline.net/get-help-now/chat/ OR Dial 998 then Press 1

GIFT CERTIFICATE: To claim your gift certificate, please proceed to the following website where you will be asked to provide a personal e-mail address. We are asking for your e-mail in a separate data collection so there will be no way to link your survey responses to your e-mail address.

[INSERT SURVEY LINK]

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Separate Data Collection: E-mail Address for Compensation

To receive a gift certificate for your participation in the Anonymous Survey on Social Interactions in the Military, please provide your personal e-mail address in the field below. You will receive an e-mail with the gift certificate code within one week. Make sure to check your spam folder. If you do not receive an e-mail after one week, please contact [INSERT e-mail address of IDA researcher]. Thank you for your participation!